Preface

• Can this information be kept secret?
• Preface
• The Authors
• Advisory Panel
• The publication of this report is sponsored by:
  • Main contributor
  • Contributors:
• Information about the publishers
  • Published by:
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  • The Web version
  • Lay-out in the printed edition
  • Photos in the printed edition
  • Keywords
  • Misc

Introduction

Chap. 1: The Northern Fleet

• 1.1 History
• 1.2 Organisation and responsibilities
• 1.3 The Northern Fleet today
  • 1.3.1 Economic conditions
  • 1.3.2 Reduced levels of competence in submarine crews
• 1.4 The future of the Northern Fleet
• Endnotes

Chap. 2: Nuclear-powered vessels

• Nuclear-powered vessels
• 2.1 Construction of nuclear powered submarines and surface ships
  • 2.1.1 Design Bureaus
  • 2.1.2 Shipyards
• 2.2 Technological development of nuclear-powered vessels
  • 2.2.1 First generation nuclear-powered submarines
  • 2.2.2 Second generation nuclear-powered submarines
  • 2.2.3 Third generation nuclear -powered submarines
  • 2.2.4 Fourth generation of nuclear-powered submarines
  • 2.2.5 Nuclear-powered submarines with liquid metal cooled reactors.
  • 2.2.6 Prototype submarines
  • 2.2.7 Mini submarines
  • 2.2.8 Nuclear-powered surface vessels
• 2.3 Development of naval reactors
  • 2.3.1 First generation reactors
  • 2.3.2 Second generation reactors
  • 2.3.3 Third generation reactors
  • 2.3.4 Fourth generation reactors
  • 2.3.5 Liquid metal cooled reactors
  • 2.3.6 Nuclear reactors on surface vessels
  • 2.3.7 Russian submarine fuel
• 2.4 Radiation risks in naval reactors
  • 2.4.1 Radiation safety agencies for nuclear-powered submarines
• Endnotes

Chap. 2.5: Classification of nuclear powered naval vessels

Chap. 3: Service ships and special tankers

• Service ships and special tankers
• 3.1 Service ships for liquid radioactive waste
  • Project 1783 A - Vala class
  • Project 11510 - Belyanka class
  • Osetiya
• 3.2 Service ships for spent nuclear fuel
  • Project 2020 - Malina class
  • Project 326 - 326 M
  • Severka
• Endnotes

Chap. 4: Radioactive waste at the naval bases

• Radioactive waste at the naval bases
• 4.1 The development of naval bases
• 4.2 Generation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel
  • 4.2.1 Risk Assessments
• 4.3 Zapadnaya Litsa
  • 4.3.1 Malaya Lopatka
  • 4.3.2 Bolshaya Lopatka
  • 4.3.3 Nerpichya
  • 4.3.4. Andreeva Bay
  • Storage of solid radioactive waste
  • Storage of liquid radioactive waste
  • Storage of spent nuclear fuel
    • The accident at the storage facility for spent nuclear fuel
    • Storage tanks for spent nuclear fuel
    • Outdoor storage of spent nuclear fuel
    • Uranium stored at Andreeva Bay
• 4.4 Vidyaevo
• 4.5 Sayda Bay
• 4.6 Gadzhievo
• 4.7 Severomorsk
• 4.8 Gremikha
  • 4.8.1 Storage of solid radioactive waste
  • 4.8.2 Storage of liquid radioactive waste
  • 4.8.3 Storage of spent nuclear fuel assemblies
    • Accident at the storage facility for spent nuclear fuel assemblies
• Endnotes

Chap. 5: Naval yards

• 5.1 Economy and organisation
• 5.2 Navy yard no. 10 - Shkval
  • 5.2.1 Storage of radioactive waste
• 5.3 Navy yard no. 82 - Safonovo
• 5.4 Naval yard No. 35 - Sevmorput
  • 5.4.1 Storage of radioactive waste
• 5.5 Naval yard No. 85 - Nerpa
  • Storage for radioactive waste
• 5.6 The Severodvinsk naval yards
  • 5.6.1 Storage of solid radioactive waste.
    • Mironova Heights - storage repository for solid radioactive waste
    • The temporary storage facility for solid radioactive waste at Sevmash
    • Storage of solid radioactive waste at Zvezdochka
    • Temporary storage of solid radioactive waste at Zvezdochka
  • 5.6.2 Treatment of liquid radioactive waste
    • Storage of liquid radioactive waste in sea-based tanks at Sevmash
    • Object 159 at Zvezdochka
    • The special tanker Osetiya
  • 5.6.3 Release of radioactive gases from Zvezdochka
  • 5.6.4 Storage of reactor compartments and spent nuclear fuel
• Endnotes

Chap. 6: Decommissioning of nuclear submarines

• Decommissioning of nuclear submarines
• 6.1 Laid up nuclear submarines
• 6.2 Safe storage of nuclear submarines
• 6.3 Dismantling of submarines
  • 6.3.1 Economic aspects
• 6.4 Parties to the work of dismantling submarines
• 6.5 Stages in decommissioning
  • 6.5.1 Preparation of the reactor compartments
  • 6.5.2 Dismantling submarines with damaged reactors
  • 6.5.3 Tansportation of reactor compartments
  • 6.5.4 Plans for long term storage of reactor compartments.
• 6.6 Radio ecological problems of dismantling
• Endnotes

Chap. 7: Handling of spent fuel assemblies

• Handling of spent fuel assemblies
• 7.1 Organisation and Responsibility
• 7.2 Russian Submarine Fuel
• 7.3 Transport containers
• 7.4 Transport Routes
• 7.5 Financial aspects
• Endnotes

Chap. 8: Nuclear submarine accidents

• Nuclear submarine accidents
• 8.1 Sunken nuclear submarines
  • 8.1.1 K-8
  • 8.1.2 K-219
  • 8.1.3 K-278 (Komsomolets)
• 8.2 Reactor Accidents
  • 8.2.1 Nuclear accidents
    • K-19
    • K-11
    • K-27
    • K-140
    • K-329
    • K-222
    • K-123
    • K-314
    • K-431
    • K-192 (formerly K-131)
    • K-8
    • Some SSN nuclear power units failure and accidents causing radiation discharge
• 8.3 Fires resulting in loss of life
  • K-3
  • K-19
  • K-47
  • K-131
  • Some emergencies on SSNs
• 8.4 Causes of Accident
• Endnotes

Appendix

• Appendix
• 1. USA
  • 1.1 Attack submarines, SSN
  • 1.2. Ballistic missile submarines, SSBN
  • 1.3. Accidents
• 2. United Kingdom
  • 2.1 Attack submarines
  • 2.2 Ballistic missile submarines
• 3. France
• 4. China
• 5. India
• Endnotes

References

• Suggested reading